THE LEGAL EFFORTS OF KAZAKHSTAN STRUGGLE TERRORISM
Keywords:
terrorism, the fight against terrorism, the Global Terrorism Index, “Zhusan” оperationAbstract
The issues of combating terrorism and extremism are one of the most serious problems in ensuring the national security of many states. We can say that the threat posed by terrorism has become a reality for Kazakhstan. In support of these words, as an example could be given the terrorist acts which took place on the territory of the republic already in independent Kazakhstan. Also of particular concern are the facts of the return of terrorist fighters to their homeland who had undergone terrorist and extremist training and participated in armed conflicts, mainly in Syria and Iraq. As many of them continue to adhere to extremely radical views, have specific skills and combat experience that they received in hot spots. Therefore, today the countries of Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, are seriously concerned about the problems of returning their citizens who have gained combat experience, as well as the fates of wives, widows and minor children of militants. As a result of this concern, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in close coordination with central and local authorities, carried out a large-scale humanitarian operation "Zhusan" to evacuate their fellow citizens from combat zones. Despite the lack of clear statistics, data were provided on the number of citizens from Central Asian countries who left for the war zones, the results of the humanitarian operation “Zhusan” were summed up, as a result of which a total of 357 children, 137 women and 30 men were returned.
This article discusses the history of the development of terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the years of independence, since terrorism was not considered a real threat, because before certain events there was an opinion that there was no terrorism threat in Kazakhstan and it belonged to the category of potential dangers. It also describes the work that Kazakhstan carried out in the fight against terrorism and extremism, such as joining the ranks of international organizations (UN, RATS SCO, ATC CIS), improving domestic legislation in accordance with international treaties in the fight against terrorism and extremism, measures that have been implemented or will be implemented in this direction. As a result of a comparative analysis, Kazakhstan’s place in the Global Terrorism Rating has been identified.