COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTIONALISM

Abstract

 The 2022 constitutional reforms in Kazakhstan have set new directions for the further modernization of the legal and political system. At the same time, constitutional reforms carried out in Central Asian countries such as Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan have proven their effectiveness over time. 

The authors of the article conducted a study on the peculiarities of constitutional reforms in Central Asian countries in the context of global trends in the evolution of constitutionalism in recent decades. The relevance of the study is justified by global trends in the internationalization of constitutionalism and the need to take into account regional constitutional identity. Methodologically, comparative legal and institutional approaches were applied, the main provisions of the current constitutions were analyzed, and the directions of reform were compared. The study reveals a trend in regional constitutional development that is developing in line with contemporary approaches to constitutional reform: the use of nationwide referendums, a focus on the introduction of effective mechanisms for ensuring human rights, and a desire to adapt global standards to national conditions. Particular attention is paid to Kazakhstan, where the formula “strong President – influential Parliament – accountable Government” is being implemented. The findings of this study may be used in the future to improve the constitutional institutions in the region through legislative measures.