INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF E-WASTE RECYCLING AND UTILIZATION IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF CLOSED CYCLE ECONOMY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

The annual growth in the production of electronic products results in significant amounts of e-waste, which poses a serious threat to the environment. The circular economy, based on the rational use of natural resources and waste reduction, offers effective solutions to this problem. This study analyzes international legislation and practices in the field of e-waste management, and examines materials from international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Economic Forum. The study applied political and legal analysis to identify key issues in Kazakhstan's legislation on recycling and disposal of e-waste, taking into account international standards. A comparative analysis of EU and Kazakhstani legal norms allowed to identify best practices that can be adapted to Kazakhstani conditions. International reports and reports were also analyzed to provide information on global trends and innovations in e-waste management. The integration of scientific research and modern technologies has identified opportunities for introducing the principles of circular economy and extended producer responsibility into legislative and management practices. The results of the study show the significant potential of Kazakhstan to improve the e-waste management system through the introduction of comprehensive legislation regulating the entire life cycle of electronic products. The introduction of these measures can significantly reduce the environmental burden and promote the development of recycling of materials. The main problems include insufficient infrastructure and lack of economic incentives for business. The findings emphasize the importance of adapting international experience to improve Kazakhstan's legal framework.